No matter your level of gardening expertise, you likely know that all plants need water to thrive. However, incorrect watering techniques can harm your plants, potentially leading to disease or even death.
Whether you’re nurturing outdoor perennials or caring for a new houseplant, following these best and worst practices will help ensure healthy, vibrant plants.
Watering Outdoor Plants
DO Hydrate Plants in the Morning
The optimal time to water outdoor plants is in the morning. According to Peter Pappas, an irrigation system designer in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, morning watering reduces evaporation.
Cooler soils help the water reach the plant roots more effectively, providing the moisture they need to endure the heat of the day. Avoid watering at night, as this can encourage fungal growth.
DON’T Water Too Frequently or Too Little
Check the soil before watering to ensure it’s not too wet. Overwatering or underwatering can hinder plant growth. Opt for deep, infrequent watering to promote strong root development. Most plants need about 1 inch of water per week, doubling this amount during peak summer. Stop watering when the soil is moist but not waterlogged.
DO Water Plants at Soil Level
Direct water at the plant’s base to ensure it reaches the roots. Using a soaker hose can help soak the soil slowly and deeply, promoting healthy growth.
DON’T Use Broadcast Sprinklers
Broadcast sprinklers can wet the leaves, increasing the risk of fungal diseases. They are also inefficient, as much of the water can evaporate or blow away. Instead, focus on watering at soil level.
DO Water Outdoor Container Plants Daily
Soil in containers dries out faster than in garden beds. Plant water containers daily, especially during hot weather, and drain excess water to prevent waterlogging.
Read More: Best 25 Indoor Plants
DON’T Forget That Trees Need Water
Newly planted trees and shrubs need thorough watering 2-3 times per week for the first month, then weekly during their first growing season. Established trees need watering every two weeks during dry periods.
DO Use a Wand to Water Container Plants
A watering wand extends your reach, making it easier to water at soil level without stretching or stooping. This conserves water and reduces strain on your back.
DON’T Use a Jet-Type Spray Nozzle
Avoid using pressurized nozzles for container plants, as they can damage foliage and disturb the soil. If you don’t have a watering wand, let water run slowly from a hose without a nozzle.
DO Check Moisture Levels
Soil moisture can vary, so check it regularly. Use a wooden dowel to check moisture depth; if it comes out clean, the soil is dry and needs watering.
DON’T Rely on Rain
Rain may not always provide sufficient water for your plants. Use a rain gauge to monitor rainfall, and supplement with watering as needed.
Watering Indoor Plants
DO Use a Watering Can for Houseplants
A watering can with a narrow spout allows for precise watering at the base of the plant, reducing spills and keeping foliage dry.
DON’T Water Houseplants with Treated Softened Water
Softened water contains sodium, which can damage houseplant soil over time. Use water from an outdoor spigot instead.
DO Choose the Right Potting Soil
Use an indoor potting mix suited to your plant type. Avoid outdoor soil, which can contain pests and pathogens. Opt for a soilless mix with peat moss and perlite or vermiculite.
DON’T Use Overly Water-Retentive Potting Mix
Most houseplants need well-draining soil. Look for potting mixes with coconut coir, vermiculite, or perlite, and avoid those with too much peat moss.
DO Check a Soil Moisture Gauge
A moisture gauge helps determine when plants need water, preventing over- or under-watering. This is especially useful for large plants in small pots.
DON’T Use Pots Without Drainage Holes
Ensure all pots have drainage holes to prevent root rot. If necessary, repot the plants into containers that have adequate drainage.
DO Water Less in Winter and More in Spring
Plants require less water during the winter resting phase. As spring days lengthen, increase watering to support new growth.
DON’T Forget to Dump the Water Collection Tray
Allow plants to reabsorb excess water for about 30 minutes after watering, then dump the tray to prevent root rot.
DO Wick While You’re Away
Wicking ensures that houseplants receive water while you’re on vacation. Use a cotton rope to transfer water from a jar to the soil, keeping plants hydrated without overwatering.
DON’T Overwater
Overwatering is a common cause of houseplant failure. Signs include droopy stems, wilting leaves, and fungus gnats. Use a soil moisture gauge to find the right balance.
Final Thoughts
Good watering practices are crucial for healthy plants, whether indoors or out. By following these tips, you can ensure your plants thrive and add beauty to your home or garden.
FAQs
Q. How do you know if you are overwatering your plants?
A. Overwatering signs include droopy stems, wilting leaves, a whitish coating (fungus), and fungus gnats.
Q. How often should plants be watered?
A. Most plants need about 1 inch of water per week, but this can vary based on plant type and weather conditions.
Q. How much water do plants need a day?
A. The amount varies, but generally, it’s better to water deeply and less frequently.
Q. Is it better to water plants or depend on rain?
A. While rain helps, it often isn’t enough. Supplement rain with additional watering.
