Recent claims on social media platforms like TikTok have led to a significant misconception: that sunscreen could cause skin cancer. Hundreds of creators have posted videos arguing that it’s not the sun causing cancer but harmful chemicals in sunscreens.
This misinformation partly stems from a 2021 recall of Neutrogena spray sunscreens and one Aveeno product due to the presence of benzene, a known carcinogen.
However, Johnson & Johnson, the manufacturer, clarified that benzene is not an ingredient in sunscreen, and subsequent testing found the levels of benzene in these products were too low to cause health problems. Despite this, the narrative has taken hold, leading to widespread confusion.
Public Distrust and Misinformation
A survey by the Orlando Health Cancer Institute found that one in seven adults under 35 believe sunscreen is more harmful to the skin than direct sun exposure. Additionally, 23% of respondents believe that drinking water and staying hydrated can prevent sunburns, which is incorrect.
“This phenomenon taps into the public’s growing distrust of companies due to the proliferation of harmful chemicals in consumer products,” said Rajesh Nair, M.D., an oncology surgeon at the Orlando Health Cancer Institute. “There is no such thing as a healthy tan. It’s really just a visual manifestation of damage to the skin.”
Expert Opinions on Sunscreen Safety
Krista Rubin, a nurse practitioner at Mass General Cancer Center’s Melanoma Team, emphasized the lack of evidence supporting the claim that sunscreens are carcinogenic. “There is clear-cut evidence of the link between UV radiation exposure and skin cancer,” Rubin said.
She also noted that other factors, such as age, gender, and phenotype, play a significant role in the risk of developing skin cancer. Males, individuals with blonde or red hair, light skin, or light eyes, and those with a suppressed immune system are at higher risk. Rubin reiterated that sunburns are caused by UV rays damaging the skin, not by dehydration.
Social Media’s Role in Spreading Misinformation
Social media expert Eric Dahan highlighted that misinformation about sunscreen is often spread by well-meaning but uninformed individuals. “Actual science is less engaging and more nuanced than bold, false statements,” he said.
This misinformation taps into the public’s distrust of companies due to the history of harmful chemicals in consumer products.
Recommendations for Safe Sunscreen Use
Despite the spread of misinformation, many experts recommend using sunscreen as an essential tool for skin protection.
Dr. Nicky Gazy, a board-certified dermatologist in Florida, suggested using sunscreen alternatives that do not contain benzene. “When it comes to skin cancer and skin health, any sunscreen is better than no sunscreen,” Gazy said. He recommended wearing zinc-based mineral sunscreen, especially for pregnant patients.
Final thoughts
The widespread claims that sunscreen causes skin cancer are unfounded and have been debunked by medical experts. While some sunscreens were recalled due to benzene contamination, the levels were not high enough to pose a health risk.
The clear consensus among dermatologists and oncologists is that sunscreen is crucial for protecting against UV radiation and reducing the risk of skin cancer. Public education and responsible dissemination of information are essential to combat these misconceptions and ensure the health and safety of sunscreen users.
